The New Jim Crow's Equal Protection Potential

Between the Tiers : the New [ Est ] Equal Protection

This Essay (in Sections I and II) briefly traces the evolution of modem equal protection doctrine in order to point (in Section III) to a disparate but substantial group of equal protection decisions that do not fit, and that the Court did not pretend to fit, into one of the officially identified three tiers of Equal Protection Clause analysis. The Essay (in Section IV) defends the viewpoints, ...

The social structure of New Caledonian crows

How New Caledonian crows solve

16 New Caledonian crows make and use tools and tool types vary over geographic landscapes. Social 17 learning may explain the variation in tool design, but it is unknown to what degree social learning 18 accounts for the maintenance of these designs. Indeed, little is known about the mechanisms these 19 crows use to obtain information from others, despite the question’s importance in understand...

Equal Protection and Peremptory Challenges

Social learning in New Caledonian crows.

New Caledonian (NC) crows are the most sophisticated tool manufacturers other than humans. The diversification and geographical distribution of their three Pandanus tool designs that differ in complexity, as well as the lack of ecological correlates, suggest that cumulative technological change has taken place. To investigate the possibility that high-fidelity social transmission mediated this ...